Salerno is a town in southern Italy, capital of the province of the same name, in the region of Campania. It is located on the Gulf of Salerno on the Tyrrhenian Sea.
Salerno is the main town in the Costiera Amalfitana (the "Amalfi Coast" on the Tyrrhenian, which includes the famous towns of Amalfi, Positano, and others) and is mostly known for its Schola Medica Salernitana (the first University of Medicine in the world).
In recent history the city hosted the King of Italy, who moved from Rome in 1943 after Italy negotiated a peace with the Allies in World War II. A brief so-called "government of the South" was then established in the town, that became the "Capital" of Italy for some months in 1944. Some of the Allied landings during Operation Avalanche (the invasion of Italy) occurred near Salerno.
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